{"id":1746,"date":"2022-11-02T09:24:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T09:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/?p=1746"},"modified":"2022-11-03T03:34:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T03:34:32","slug":"why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce poate fi folosit aliajul de titan pentru industria alcalin\u0103 de clor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_four_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Industria clor-alcalin\u0103 este o industrie chimic\u0103 care produce clor gazos \u0219i sod\u0103 caustic\u0103 prin intermediul unei solu\u021bii apoase de sare electrolitic\u0103. Are o istorie de peste 100 de ani \u0219i este, de asemenea, cea mai veche aplica\u021bie a titanului \u00een industria chimic\u0103. \u00cen produc\u021bia de clor alcalin, echipamentele din titan includ \u00een principal electrolizoare cu anod metalic, electrolizoare cu membran\u0103 schimb\u0103toare de ioni, r\u0103citor tubular de clor umed, pre\u00eenc\u0103lzitor de saramur\u0103 rafinat\u0103, turnuri de declorinare, turn de r\u0103cire \u0219i sp\u0103lare a clorului alcalin, pomp\u0103 \u0219i supap\u0103 de declorinare \u00een vid \u0219i alte echipamente din titan. Acesta a \u00eenlocuit grafitul ca material principal \u00een epuratoarele de r\u0103cire a clorului \u00een anii 1970. \u00cen prezent, titanul a fost un material anticoroziv utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een industria clor-alcalin\u0103, rezisten\u021ba sa superioar\u0103 la coroziune \u00eel face ideal pentru fabricarea anozilor metalici \u0219i a altor echipamente de prelucrare. De ce? De ce este popular titanul \u00een acest domeniu? S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu caracterul s\u0103u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caracteristicile Titanului<\/strong><br \/>\nRezisten\u021ba la coroziune este o caracteristic\u0103 important\u0103 a industriei clorului alcalin. Mediul de procesare \u0219i substan\u021bele corozive, cum ar fi acidul sulfuric, clorul gazos, acidul clorhidric \u0219i soda caustic\u0103 utilizate \u00een industria clor-alcalin\u0103, vor avea efecte adverse asupra conductelor \u0219i dispozitivelor. Prin urmare, echipamentele \u0219i materialele din produc\u021bia de clor-alcali pun \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 cerin\u021be mai mari de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la coroziune. Aliajul de titan are o rezisten\u021b\u0103 excelent\u0103 la coroziune, rezisten\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103, greutate redus\u0103 \u0219i stabilitate bun\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este favorizat \u00een produc\u021bia din industria clor-alcalin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Titanul este adesea utilizat \u00een medii extrem de corozive, ceea ce \u00eel face mai potrivit dec\u00e2t alte metale pentru astfel de aplica\u021bii, \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd dezvolt\u0103 o pelicul\u0103 de oxid pasiv pe suprafa\u021b\u0103. Aceast\u0103 pelicul\u0103 este compus\u0103 din materiale cristaline, care au o integritate \u0219i o aderen\u021b\u0103 ridicate. Atunci c\u00e2nd un aliaj de titan este deteriorat, pelicula pasiv\u0103 se vindec\u0103 singur\u0103. \u00cen plus, anodizarea este un proces eficient pentru a spori pelicula protectoare de pe titan. Acesta prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 excelent\u0103 la coroziune \u00een ap\u0103 de mare \u0219i hidrocarburi. \u00cen plus, titanul prezint\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 puternic\u0103 de pasivare, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 poate forma o pelicul\u0103 oxidant\u0103 stabil\u0103 \u00een aer sau \u00een solu\u021bie apoas\u0103. Prin urmare, utilizarea aliajelor de titan pentru procesele de clorinare poate aduce mari beneficii industriei. Aliajele de titan au, de asemenea, ductilitate, formabilitate, rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sudabilitate excelente. Titanul are o conductivitate termic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t o\u021belul carbon \u0219i cuprul, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pere\u021bii s\u0103i pot fi mai sub\u021biri. Rezisten\u021ba bun\u0103 a titanului la coroziune \u00eenseamn\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 suprafa\u021ba nu este susceptibil\u0103 la scalare, ceea ce reduce rezisten\u021ba termic\u0103. \u00cen plus, aliajul de titan poate fi utilizat la temperaturi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 600\u00b0C pentru o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de timp.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen condi\u021bii de oxidare care con\u021bin clorur\u0103, titanul prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la coroziune comparabil\u0103 cu tantalul \u0219i superioar\u0103 o\u021belului inoxidabil \u0219i aliajelor pe baz\u0103 de nichel. Coroziunea titanului pur 100% este slab\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de acid reduc\u0103tor, \u00een timp ce aliajul de titan care con\u021bine paladiu nu numai c\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune a titanului \u00een condi\u021bii de mediu reduc\u0103tor, dar \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine rezisten\u021ba la coroziune \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de oxidare. Acesta formeaz\u0103 o pelicul\u0103 de oxid pasiv pe suprafa\u021ba sa, ceea ce \u00eei \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1750\" src=\"http:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant.png 900w, https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant-705x470.png 705w, https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Chlor-alkali-plant-450x300.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aplica\u021bii ale titanului \u00een industria clorului alcalin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anod metalic<br \/>\nProcesele de produc\u021bie a clorurilor alcaline includ electroliza cu mercur, electroliza cu diafragm\u0103 \u0219i electroliza cu membran\u0103 ionic\u0103. \u00cen trecut, anodul de grafit a fost utilizat pentru anodul de clor-alcalin. \u00cen 1956, olandezul Henry. H. Beer a propus pentru prima dat\u0103 utilizarea anozilor metalici \u00een electrolizatorul cu membran\u0103, numi\u021bi \u0219i anozi stabiliza\u021bi dimensional (DSA), \u0219i a ob\u021binut dreptul de brevet \u00een 1965. Anozii stabili din punct de vedere dimensional sunt electrozi acoperi\u021bi cu oxid de metal nobil din grupa platinei pe substraturi de titan. \u00cen 1968, compania italian\u0103 DeNore a realizat pentru prima dat\u0103 industrializarea anodului de titan \u00een industria clorurilor alcaline.<br \/>\n\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anii 1970, electrolizoarele cu anod metalic (DSA) \u0219i electrolizoarele cu film de ioni au \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 electrolizoarele cu anod de grafit \u0219i, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103, r\u0103citorul de grafit a fost \u00eenlocuit cu r\u0103citorul de clor umed din titan. Echipamentul principal include electrolizatorul cu membran\u0103 ionic\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/products\/titanium-targets\/\">titan anodic<\/a> rezervor de circula\u021bie a lichidului, rezervor de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, turn de declorinare \u00een vid, schimb\u0103tor de c\u0103ldur\u0103, \u021beav\u0103 \u0219i supap\u0103 de pompare etc. <a href=\"https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/product\/grade-5-titanium-tube\/\">\u021aeav\u0103 de titan<\/a> \u0219i echipamentele sunt utilizate \u00een principal \u00een sistemele de circula\u021bie a lichidului anodic, sistemele de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, sistemele de declorinare, sistemele de livrare a gazului de clor umed \u0219i sistemele de circula\u021bie a apei cu clor. O pomp\u0103 din titan este utilizat\u0103 \u00een principal pentru transportul saramurii rafinate, al lichidului de circula\u021bie anodic, al saramurii u\u0219oare \u0219i al apei de clor etc. \u00cen compara\u021bie cu celula electrolitic\u0103 cu anod de grafit, celula electrolitic\u0103 cu anod metalic cu diafragm\u0103 poate economisi 100-200 kW\/h de energie electric\u0103 prin producerea a 1t de sod\u0103 caustic\u0103.<br \/>\n\u00cen electrolizatorul cu membran\u0103 ionic\u0103, temperatura camerelor anodice \u0219i catodice este de aproximativ 90 \u2103, camera anodic\u0103 este umplut\u0103 cu solu\u021bie de clor \u0219i sare, iar camera catodic\u0103 are 30%-35% solu\u021bie de sod\u0103 caustic\u0103. Densitatea curentului de func\u021bionare este de 30-40A \/dm. \u00cen astfel de condi\u021bii dure, rezisten\u021ba la coroziune a materialului trebuie s\u0103 fie suficient\u0103 \u00een proiectarea electrolizorului. Partea anodic\u0103 (anodul \u0219i partea de contact anodic cu lichidul) a electrolizorului cu film ionic este \u00een cea mai mare parte aliaj de titan cu o bun\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la coroziune. \u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de echipamentul principal al electrolizorului, echipamentul din titan este utilizat \u00een principal \u00een urm\u0103toarele p\u0103r\u021bi: sistemul de saramur\u0103 - indicator de nivel al lichidului; sistemul de lichid anodic - rezervor de lichid anodic \u0219i turn de sp\u0103lare a clorului; sistemul de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103 - turn de declorinare, distribuitor de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103, r\u0103citor de instrumente; sistemul de hipoclorit de sodiu - r\u0103cire, turn de absorb\u021bie, distribuitor; sistemul de clor gazos - r\u0103citor de clor gazos umed; sistemul de prevenire a riscurilor - schimb\u0103tor de c\u0103ldur\u0103, ventilator.<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103citor de gaz clor umed<br \/>\nAtunci c\u00e2nd sarea electrolitic\u0103 produce sod\u0103 caustic\u0103, se produce o cantitate mare de clor gazos umed fierbinte, care poate fi utilizat dup\u0103 un tratament de r\u0103cire \u0219i uscare. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 modalit\u0103\u021bi de r\u0103cire a clorului fierbinte \u0219i umed: pulverizarea direct\u0103 a apei \u0219i r\u0103cirea indirect\u0103 prin r\u0103citor tubular. R\u0103cirea direct\u0103 nu numai c\u0103 va produce o cantitate mare de ap\u0103 cu con\u021binut de clor, poluarea mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor \u0219i mai multe pierderi de clor, consum de acid sulfuric. Rezultatele experimentale arat\u0103 c\u0103 titanul este extrem de rezistent la coroziune la temperaturi ridicate \u00een mediul de clor gazos umed, iar coroziunea anual\u0103 este de 0,0025 mm. Prin urmare, Utilizarea r\u0103citorului din titan Produc\u021bia industrial\u0103 de clor-alcalin poate scurta procesul de r\u0103cire \u0219i uscare, poate reduce pierderea de clor gazos \u0219i poluarea mediului \u0219i poate crea condi\u021bii favorabile pentru func\u021bionarea stabil\u0103 a gazului comprimat \u0219i uscarea extrem\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Pomp\u0103 \u0219i supap\u0103<br \/>\n\u00cen produc\u021bia de clor gazos prin electroliz\u0103 cu membran\u0103 \u0219i electroliz\u0103 cu mercur, pompele realizate din aliaje de titan utilizate \u00een hipocloritul de potasiu \u0219i hipocloritul de sodiu sunt economice. Georgia-pifik Company utilizeaz\u0103 o pomp\u0103 din titan pentru a pompa solu\u021bia de sare de 85\u2103, care con\u021bine 270~320g\/L NaCl, cristalizare NaCl \u0219i peste 0,5g\/L clor liber. Durata de via\u021b\u0103 a pompei din titan este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ani.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Scrie\u021bi \u00een ultimul<\/strong><br \/>\nPutem spune c\u0103 aliajul de titan a fost cel mai preferat metal \u00een industria clor-alcalin\u0103. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, unele probleme: \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, diferitele grade de aliaj de titan difer\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune \u0219i performan\u021ba de prelucrare etc., inginerii ar trebui s\u0103 se bazeze pe condi\u021biile reale, loca\u021bia piesei \u0219i dac\u0103 este nevoie de prelucrare etc. \u00cen general, titanul nu produce coroziune intergranular\u0103 \u0219i coroziune sub tensiune, dar este predispus la coroziune \u00een cr\u0103p\u0103turi, \u00een special cr\u0103p\u0103tura cu o l\u0103\u021bime de aproximativ 0,5 mm. Pentru acele piese care sunt predispuse la coroziune, aliajul de titan cu paladiu sau placarea cu paladiu este cea mai bun\u0103 alegere.<br \/>\nDe\u0219i titanul este un metal rezistent la coroziune, acesta nu este potrivit pentru toate mediile chimice corozive. Chiar \u0219i pentru acela\u0219i mediu, rezisten\u021ba sa la coroziune este, de asemenea, legat\u0103 de concentra\u021bia \u0219i temperatura mediului. Titanul nu poate fi utilizat \u00een gazul clor uscat, deoarece chiar dac\u0103 temperatura \u00eentr-un mediu de gaz clor uscat este sub zero, va avea loc o reac\u021bie chimic\u0103 relativ violent\u0103, gener\u00e2nd o c\u0103ldur\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103, care poate provoca un incendiu. Pentru a se asigura c\u0103 titanul are o bun\u0103 stabilitate \u00een clorul gazos, con\u021binutul de ap\u0103 din clorul gazos nu poate dep\u0103\u0219i 0,5%.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='av-social-sharing-box'><div class='av-share-box'><h5 class='av-share-link-description'>\u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te aceast\u0103 intrare<\/h5><ul class='av-share-box-list noLightbox'><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/&amp;t=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8f3' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Facebook'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-twitter' ><a target='_blank' href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F&url=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/?p=1746' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8f1' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Twitter'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-gplus' ><a target='_blank' href='https:\/\/plus.google.com\/share?url=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8f6' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Google+'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Google+<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-pinterest' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy-ti.com%2Fro%2Fwhy-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry%2F&amp;description=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F&amp;media=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy-ti.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F11%2FChemical.jpg' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8f8' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Pinterest'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Pinterest<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;title=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F&amp;url=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Linkedin'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Linkedin<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-tumblr' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/share\/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy-ti.com%2Fro%2Fwhy-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry%2F&amp;name=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F&amp;description=' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8fa' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Tumblr'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Tumblr<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-vk' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/vk.com\/share.php?url=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue926' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Vk'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Vk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-reddit' ><a target='_blank' href='http:\/\/reddit.com\/submit?url=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/&amp;title=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue927' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Reddit'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Reddit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail' ><a  href='mailto:?subject=Why%20Titanium%20Alloy%20Can%20Be%20Used%20for%20Chlorine%20Alkali%20Industry%3F&amp;body=https:\/\/energy-ti.com\/ro\/why-titanium-alloy-can-be-used-for-chlorine-alkali-industry\/' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share by Mail'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share by Mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; 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